According to the characteristics of the elderly, it is recommended to do the following:
① Reasonable eating habits: Malnutrition is one of the main negative factors affecting the disease outcome of elderly patients [4]. Balanced diet, control body mass index (BMI) within 19-24kg / m2, balanced intake of calories, protein, vitamins, minerals, etc., eat less and eat more, it is recommended to eat foods that are easy to digest or help digestion, eat more vegetables and fruits Drink water regularly and consume reasonable high-protein foods, including fish, meat, eggs, milk, beans, and nuts. Resolutely prevent contact with wild animals, refuse to eat rotten and expired food, and refuse to eat semi-cooked, raw food. . Maintain a variety of food sources and sources, not partial food, vegetarian diet, balanced diet, and ensure adequate nutrition. Elderly people who have difficulty eating can follow the advice of a dietitian and eat by nasal feeding. Parenteral nutrition support treatment can be performed if necessary. For all elderly people, aspiration should be avoided during eating to cause aspiration pneumonia.
② Good living habits: ensure daily sleep and keep warm. Choose a reasonable exercise method, fully understand yourself, exercise moderately, maintain a healthy living state, and improve resistance. Minimize out-going activities and avoid places where crowds such as elderly activity centers and senior universities gather. Open windows frequently, regularly ventilate, disinfect regularly, do not spit, maintain hand hygiene, take the initiative to do personal health monitoring, and take active temperature measurements when fever is suspected. Elderly people who have been bedridden for a long time and have limited physical activity should undergo physical rehabilitation training and turn over regularly to prevent deep vein thrombosis and bedsores.
③ Healthy mental state: The psychological crisis intervention should be integrated into the overall deployment of epidemic prevention and control to reduce the psychological damage caused by the epidemic. After retirement, the range of activities of the elderly is reduced, the activity center is changed, and the effects of physical changes such as sensation, movement, and cognition are also changed. The psychological characteristics also change, which is manifested as a decrease in security, decreased adaptability, prone to loss, inferiority, A sense of emptiness, etc. When the disease comes, the elderly will show more intense anxiety, depression, etc., and it is difficult to cooperate with the treatment. Provide targeted medical, entertainment, and other services that meet the needs of the elderly, regularly care about the living conditions of the elderly, encourage the elderly to exert their talents and hobbies, and actively adapt to the new lifestyle, so that the elderly can get family and society Care and identification, reduce the anxiety, depression and other attacks of the elderly, maintain a healthy psychological state, and promote patients to actively cooperate with treatment.
④ Actively treat basic diseases: The elderly often have chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, etc., and they are a high-risk group of the critical illness and death cases of this epidemic. Therefore, it is necessary to follow the doctor’s order and take medicines on time, regularly, and according to the different basic diseases, and do secondary prevention and treatment of related diseases. At the same time, learn to evaluate your own condition, monitor your general condition, seek medical treatment in time when the condition changes, describe the condition correctly, do not confuse the doctor, and do not abstain from illness. For patients with limited mobility and cognitive impairment, the patient’s family members need to assist in treatment, and at the same time do a good job of evaluation and monitoring.
With the increasing aging of society, the health problems of the elderly are increasingly concerned. Aiming at the fact that the elderly are different from adults in terms of body function decline, decreased resistance, and limited self-care ability, etc., the prevention recommendations applicable to the elderly are put forward to ensure that the protection work must include the elderly patient himself and the elderly patient Personnel, to be comprehensive, meticulous and valued.
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